WHEN
WAS REVELATION WRITTEN?
Evidence for the early date: 70 A.D.
- The many
"coming soon" and "at hand" passages (1:1, 2:16, 3:11, 22:6-20)
only make sense if events matching the symbolism of Revelation
were not too far in the future. The Jewish themes would make
no sense after 70 A.D. - there was nothing left of the Jewish
state.
- The Beast
(which most if not all scholars agree represents Rome) was
ruled by its 6th head ("head" = "king" see: 17:10) which was
already in existence in John's day. Of the 7 heads (kings)
only one was left - by 95 A.D. Rome was long past its 7th Caesar.
- A 2nd
Century manuscript of Revelation says it was written when Nero
was Caesar (68 A.D.).
- There
were still Judaizers in the church at that time (Rev. 2:9,
3:9) - impossible after 70A.D.
- The temple
is apparently still standing in chapter 11.
- If the
temple had already been destroyed, one would expect at least
one mention of it somewhere.
- Revelation
2:2 shows that there were other apostles around - yet it is
believed that all but John were dead by 70 A.D.
- Irenaeus'
statement regarding Domitian's reign is difficult to interpret
and based on a secondary source. In the same passage he also
mentions "ancient copies" of Revelation in existence which
makes little sense if they were only a few years old.
- Evidence
for a massive persecution by Domitian (81-96 A.D.) is lacking.
- The only
time there were only 7 churches in Asia was the early 60's.
- John was
told he must prophesy again before kings (10:11) . . . he would
have been over 90 if the late date is correct. Stories of his
actions after being released from Patmos are difficult to reconcile
with an aged man.
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